References
Category:Romanian television series
Category:1996 Romanian television series debuts
Category:1996 Romanian television series endings
Category:Romanian drama television seriesHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Current practices and barriers in the diagnostic, staging, and management of locally advanced disease.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the United States and the eighth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Locally advanced (LA) disease encompasses a heterogeneous group of patients, including those with nodal metastasis and/or distant metastasis (M1), whose prognosis is poor. Multiple clinical trials and publications have demonstrated the superiority of multimodal therapy for this population. There are a multitude of evidence-based practices for the management of LA HNSCC. Despite that, many aspects of treatment remain controversial, with an emphasis on the role of surgery and radiation (RT). This review will examine a spectrum of topics relevant to the management of LA disease, including: diagnosis and staging, treatment goals, treatment options, survival data, the use of chemotherapy, the use of surgery, RT, and radiation alone or in combination, and toxicity. We will also briefly review additional topics, including surgical staging, indications for palliative care, use of PET/CT, and outcomes for patients who have metastatic disease or have recurrent disease. Finally, we will examine current issues that need to be addressed to improve treatment outcomes.Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 ligands enhance cocaine-induced locomotor activity in rats.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) is implicated in the neuroadaptations of the dopamine reward system, which play an important role in the addiction processes. mGluR1 ligands also modulate the motoric responses of various neurons. To determine the functional role of mGluR1 in cocaine-induced locomotor activity, we evaluated the effects of mGluR1 ligands on the locomotor response to cocaine in rats. Animals were treated for 3 days with mGluR1 ligands (0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg i.p.) or saline and, subsequently, were injected with saline (0.9%) or cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min after the last mGluR1 ligand administration. mGluR1 ligands increased the locomotor response of saline-injected rats to a similar extent as ac619d1d87
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